What is an abnormal condition of the body that renders it incapable of normal functions called?

The term that describes an abnormal condition of the body that disrupts its normal functions is known as a disease. A disease can arise from various factors, including infections, genetic predispositions, environmental influences, and lifestyle choices. It encompasses a range of symptoms and can affect different systems within the body, leading to impaired functioning.

While "disorder," "syndrome," and "infection" are terms used in medical contexts, they refer to more specific situations or groupings of symptoms. A disorder is a broader category that refers to a disruption in normal physical or mental functions, but does not always meet the criteria to be classified as a disease. A syndrome is a collection of signs and symptoms that commonly occur together and not necessarily tied to a single cause. An infection specifically indicates the presence and effect of pathogens, such as bacteria or viruses, on the body. In contrast, the term disease provides a more encompassing view of any pathological condition that affects the body's overall health.